Vegetable - Mint Leaves

Mint Leaves

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About the Vegetable :Mint Leaves have been been one of the popular herbs known since antiquity for its distinctive aroma and medicinal value. Botanically, the herb belongs to the Lamiaceae family, in the genus; Mentha. Mints are aromatic, almost exclusively perennial, rarely annual, herbs. It is actually a natural hybrid-cross between water-mint (Mentha aquatica) and spearmint (Mentha spicata).The herb has a characteristic refreshing cool breeze sensation on taste buds, palate and throat when eaten; and on nasal olfaction glands when inhaled. This unique quality of mint is due to the presence of menthol, an essential oil in its fresh leaves, and stem.They have wide-spreading underground and overground stolons and erect, square, branched stems. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, from oblong to lanceolate, often downy, and with a serrated margin. Leaf colours range from dark green and gray-green to purple, blue, and sometimes pale yellow.The flowers are white to purple and produced in false whorls called verticillasters. The corolla is two-lipped with four sub equal lobes, the upper lobe usually the largest. The fruit is a nutlet, containing one to four seeds.

Scientific / Binomial name : Mentha piperita

Popularly Known as :Pudina pata, kruizemunt, Minze, Pudina, Pudina yele, Daun Pudina Kodak, Daun Kesom, mynta, Pudhina

Usage :

• The essential oils in the peppermint act on cold-sensitive receptors in the skin, mouth and throat; the property that is responsible for the well-known cooling sensation that it provokes when inhaled, eaten, or applied to the skin. This characteristic of mint can be employed in the preparation of cough/cold reliving remedies like syrups, lozenges and nasal inhalers.
• Peppermint oil has analgesic, local anaesthetic and counter-irritant properties and has been used in the preparation of topical muscle relaxants, and analgesics.
• It is also being used in oral hygiene products and bad-breath remedies like mouthwash, toothpaste, mouth and tongue-spray, and more generally as a food flavour agent; e.g. in chewing-gum, candy.
• It is also being used in oral hygiene products and bad-breath remedies like mouthwash, toothpaste, mouth and tongue-spray, and more generally as a food flavour agent; for instance, in chewing gums, candy, etc...

Vegetable - Curry Leaves

Curry Leaves

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About the Vegetable :The curry tree is a tropical to sub-tropical tree in the family Rutaceae, which is native to India and Sri Lanka.Its leaves are used in many dishes in India and neighbouring countries. Often used in curries, the leaves are generally called by the name "curry leaves", though they are also translated as "sweet neem leaves" in most Indian languages (as opposed to ordinary neem leaves which are bitter).It is a small tree, growing 4–6 m (13–20 feet) tall, with a trunk up to 40 cm (16 in) diameter. The aromatic leaves are pinnate, with 11-21 leaflets, each leaflet 2–4 cm (0.79–1.57 in) long and 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) broad. The plant produces small white flowers which can self-pollinate to produce small shiny-black berries containing a single, large viable seed. Though the berry pulp is edible with a sweet but medicinal flavour in general, neither the pulp nor seed are used for culinary purposes.

Scientific / Binomial name : Murraya koenigii

Popularly Known as :Karipattha, Kadi Patta, Kari Patta, Meeta Neem,Karibevu yele, Daung, Karivepaaku

Usage :

• The leaves are highly valued as seasoning in southern and west-coast Indian cooking, and Sri Lankan cooking especially in curries, usually fried along with the chopped onion in the first stage of the preparation. They are also used to make thoran, vada, rasam and kadhi. In their fresh form, they have a short shelf life & do not keep well in the refrigerator. They are also available dried, though the aroma is largely inferior.
• The leaves of Murraya koenigii are also used as an herb in Ayurvedic medicine. They are believed to possess anti-diabetic properties.
• Although most commonly used in curries, leaves from the curry tree can be used in many other dishes to add flavour. In Cambodia, Khmer toast the leaves in an open flame or roast it until crispy and then crush it into a soured soup dish called Maju Krueng.

Vegetable - Coriander Leaves

Coriander Leaves

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About the Vegetable :Cilantro is one of the popular Mediterranean herb, which commonly recognized as leaf-coriander in Asia. It is widely employed in savory dishes in almost all parts of the world. The herb contains many notable plant derived chemical compounds that are known to have disease preventing and health-promoting properties. Coriander is quite similar to dill in utility terms since its leaves as well as seeds can be used in cuisine.Cilantro herb is native to Mediterranean, and Asia Minor (Turkey) regions. It is perennial plant but grown as an annual which requires well-draining fertile soil supplemented with warm summer climates to flourish. The plant reaches about 1 to 2 feet in height and features dark green, hairless, soft leaves that vary in shape; broad-lobed near the base, and slender and feathery higher up near its flowering stems. The leaves and stem possess slightly citrus flavour. The plant bears umbels of small white or light pink flowers in midsummer, followed by round-oval shaped aromatic seeds.

Scientific / Binomial name : Coriandrum sativum

Popularly Known as :Cilantro, Dhane sag, Hara Dhania, Kottambiri Soppu, Kottamalli, Kothimeera

Usage :

• Cilantro (coriander) leaves has been used in preparation of many popular dishes in Asian and east European cuisine since ancient times. When added in combination with other household herbs and spices, it enhances flavor and taste of vegetable, chicken, fish and meat dishes.
• The herb has also been used in the preparation of soups, and sauces. Popular Mediterranean cilantro pesto uses fresh cilantro, red pepper, garlic cloves, olive oil, pumpkin seeds with few drops of lemon juie, is a great addition on pasta, in sandwiches or as a marinade to fish, poultry...etc dishes.
• Freshly chopped and sautéed coriander leaves are a great addition in green salad.
• Coriander seed powder is one of the main ingredients used in the preparation of curry powder.

Vegetable - Spinach Leaves

Spinach Leaves

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About the Vegetable :Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is a wonderful green-leafy vegetable often recognized as one of the functional foods for its wholesome nutritional, antioxidants and anti-cancer composition. Its tender, crispy, dark-green leaves are one of the favorite ingredients of chefs all around the planet. Spinacia plant grows about 1 foot in height. Although, it can be grown year round, fresh greens are best available just after the winter season in the Northern hemisphere from March through May and from September until November, in the South of the equatorial line.

Scientific / Binomial name :Spinacia oleracea

Popularly Known as :Paalakura, Paalakoora, sabaanix, Palong Shak, spinazie,épinards, Spinat, Palak, Bayam

Usage :

• Fresh, tender spinach leaves (baby spinach) can be eaten raw either in salad and vegetable burgers or as juice. Antioxidant properties may decrease significantly on steaming, frying and boiling for longer periods.
• Along with other vegetables, its leaves are used in the preparation of noodles, pie, pasta, pulov, and soups as well as in the preparation of baby-foods.
• In India and Pakistan, where it is popular as "palak", spinach features in variety of delicious cooking such as palak-paneer (cottage cheese), aaloo-palak (with potato), fried rice, chicken and meat preparations.
• In India and Bangladesh spinach is mixed with other seasonal greens like goosefoot (chenopodium album), fenugreek, mustard greens, Malabar spinach (Basella alba), etc., to prepare "saag" which is eaten with unleavened bread (roti), and rice.

Vegetable - Amaranth Leaves

Amaranth Leaves

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About the Vegetable :Amaranthus, collectively known as Amaranth,is a cosmopolitan genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants. Some amaranth species are cultivated as leaf vegetables, cereals, and ornamental plants. Most of the species from Amaranthus are summer annual weeds and are commonly referred to as pig weed. Catkin-like cymes of densely packed flowers grow in summer or autumn. Approximately 60 species are recognized, with inflorescences and foliage ranging from purple and red to green or gold. Members of this genus share many characteristics and uses with members of the closely related genus Celosia.The root of mature amaranth is a popular vegetable. It is white and cooked with tomatoes or tamarind gravy. It has a milky taste and is alkaline.leaves and stems are used as a stir-fry vegetable, or in soups

Genus name : Amaranthus

Popularly Known as :Thotakuoora, Bonongwe, Minze,Rajgaro, Panipahl, Tikora, Bayam, Thantina, Dhantina Soppu, Harive, Cheera, Shravani Maath

Usage :

• In Indonesia and Malaysia, leaf amaranth is called bayam. In the Philippines, the Ilocano word for the plant is "kalunay"; the Tagalog word for the plant is kilitis or "kulitis".
• In the state of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in India, it is called Chaulai and is a popular green leafy vegetable (referred to in the class of vegetable preparations called saag).
• It is called Chua in Kumaun area of Uttarakhand, where it is a popular red-green vegetable.
• In Karnataka state in India, it is called Harive. It is used to prepare curries like Hulee, palya, Majjigay-hulee and so on.
• In the state of Kerala, it is called 'Cheera' and is consumed by stir-frying the leaves with spices and red chillies to make 'Cheera Thoran'.
• In Tamil Nadu State, it is regularly consumed as a favourite dish, where the greens are steamed, and mashed, with light seasoning of salt, red chillis and cumin.
• It is called keerai masial. In Andhra Pradesh this leaf is added in preparation of a popular dal called thotakura pappu.
• In Maharashtra, it is called "Shravani Maath" (literally grown in month of Shravan) and it is available in both red and white colour.
• In Orissa, it is called "Khada saga", it is used to prepare 'Saga Bhaja', in which the leaf is fried with chillies and onions.

Vegetable - Spring Onion

Spring Onion

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About the Vegetable :Spring onions, also known as Scallions are one of various Allium species, all of which have hollow green leaves (like the common onion), but which lack a fully developed root bulb.Scallions are small immature plants of lily (allium) family root vegetables such as onion, shallots…etc. Precisely speaking, the term spring onions denote to the bulb, Show varieties including its top greens of Allium fistulosum (Welsh onion), a sub-species in the broad onion (allium) family, especially in the west. Some of the common names used are spring onions, green bunching onions...etc. In general, spring onions are young immature plants harvested very early before the plant grows further big, and its bulb becomes larger. For the same purpose, the crop is planted closely in the field in order to stunt their bulb's growth.Unlike its fellow members such as A.cepa (onion), and A.cepa aggregatum (shallots) which produce large underground bulbs; Allium fistulosum (welsh onion) are non-bulging and cultivated for their top crispy greens.

Scientific / Binomial name : Allium tricoccum 

Popularly Known as :Allium tricoccum, Scallion, Calçot, ramps, spring onion, ramson, wild leek, wood leek, green onion, spring onion (in Britain), salad onion, table onion, green shallot, onion stick, long onion, baby onion, precious onion, yard onion, gibbon, syboe, scally onion and wild garlic.

Usage :

• Freshly chopped scallions are used in raw salads as a garnish.
• Fresh leaves (bunching) are one of the common ingredients in stews, and stir-fries. They mix well with potato, seafood, carrot, cabbage, green peas...etc.
• Spring onions also used in pancakes, soufflés, pasta, fritters, noodles, soup...etc.
• In South Asian region, spring onions added especially in vegetable stir-fries, noodles, fried-rice, rice-pulao,etc.

Vegetable - Lettuce

Lettuce

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About the Vegetable :Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is an annual plant of the aster or sunflower family Asteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable, but sometimes for its stem and seeds. Lettuce was first cultivated by the ancient Egyptians who turned it from a weed, whose seeds were used to produce oil, into a plant grown for its seeds and leaves.Crispy, green/crimson-red coloured lettuce is one of the incredible leafy vegetables packed with essential nutrients that benefit health. Its leaves exude milk like fluid (sap) when cut.Indeed, it is among the most sought-after greens, be it in your crunchy, green salads or healthy sandwiches! See more Varieties...Lettuce is most often used for salads, although it is also seen in other kinds of food, such as soups, sandwiches and wraps; it can also be grilled.One variety, the Woju (莴苣) or asparagus lettuce, is grown for its stems, which are eaten either raw or cooked. Lettuce is a good source of vitamin A and potassium, as well as a minor source for several other vitamins and nutrients. Despite its beneficial properties, contaminated lettuce is often a source of bacterial, viral and parasitic outbreaks in humans, including E. coli and Salmonella. In addition to its main use as a leafy green, it has also gathered religious and medicinal significance over centuries of human consumption.

Scientific / Binomial name : Lactuca sativa

Usage :

• Raw, fresh-lettuce is commonly used in salads, burgers, spring rolls, and sandwiches.
• Chinese-lettuce is usually stir fried or stewed and added to noodles as well as fried rice preparations.
• The leafy green also combines well with garden peas, green-beans as well as seafood like shrimp, prawns, etc.

Vegetable - Sweet Corn

Sweet Corn

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About the Vegetable :Sweet corn also called sugar corn and pole corn) is a variety of maize with a high sugar content. Sweet corn is the result of a naturally occurring recessive mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel. Genetically, it differs from the field corn by mutation at the sugary (su) locus. The crop has achieved success as one of the important commercial cash crops in many tropical and semi-tropical countries.Unlike field corn varieties, which are harvested when the kernels are dry and mature (dent stage), sweet corn is picked when immature (milk stage) and prepared and eaten as a vegetable, rather than a grain. Since the process of maturation involves converting sugar to starch, sweet corn stores poorly and must be eaten fresh, canned, or frozen, before the kernels become tough and starchy.

Scientific / Binomial name : Zea mays var. saccharata.

Popularly Known as :Sugar corn, Pole corn, Kakdi, Makkai Jola, Cholam, Mokka Jonna

Usage :

• Farm fresh, raw milky sweet corn can be eaten as it is even without boiled or steamed.
• The whole corncob may be grilled and served with salt and pepper seasoning.
• The whole cob may be steamed, or boiled in salt water and served with butter or oil.
• Boiled kernels are an excellent accompaniment in salads, pizza, pasta, risotto, stews, omelets, fried-rice, rice pulav, etc.
• Sweet corn soup and chowder are favourite starters in almost all corners of the world.
• Water used for boiling the corn is used in soups. It can be used along with onion, carrots, parsnip, celery-stalks, etc., in the preparation of delicious vegetable stock.
• Interesting snacks called Popcorns are made and served.
• This Vegetable is also available in many colours and Varieties in the market.Show varieties.Hence the combination of this vegetable with different colours makes the recipe more colourful and tasty too.

Vegetable - Garlic

Garlic

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About the Vegetable :About the Vegetable : Garlic is a bulbous plant.It has been recognized in almost all the cultures for its medicinal properties as well as culinary uses. This wonderful herbal plant, grown for its underground root or bulb, contains health promoting phyto-nutrient substances that have proven benefits against coronary artery diseases, infections and cancers.

Scientific / Binomial name : Allium sativum

Popularly Known as :Allium sativum, Lehsun, Bolloli, Vellulipaya, Bellulli, Yellipaya

Usage :It is used in many ways.

• Garlic is one of the common ingredients employed to enhance the flavour of vegetable, meat, and seafood preparations.
• This Vegetable is also available in many colours and Varieties in the market.Show varieties
• Its cloves are added to give a spicy pungent flavour to the preparations like breads, toast and Bruschetta (grilled bread slices rubbed with garlic paste with toppings such as olive oil, pepper, tomato, cheese, meat...etc.).
• The cloves also been used in the preparation of seasonal soups, chutney, and sauces.
• Tender garlic tops are used like vegetables just like scallions and chives along with vegetables, eggs in some recipe preparations in East Asian countries.

Vegetable - Cluster Beans

Cluster Beans

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About the Vegetable :About the Vegetable :Guar grows well in arid to semiarid areas, but frequent rainfall is necessary. This legume is a very valuable plant within a crop rotation cycle, as it lives in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Guar grows well in arid to semiarid areas, but frequent rainfall is necessary. This legume is a very valuable plant within a crop rotation cycle, as it lives in symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In fact, agriculturists in semi-arid regions of Rajasthan follow crop-rotation and use guar as a source to replenish the soil with essential fertilizers and nitrogen fixation, before the next crop. Guar as a plant has a multitude of different functions for human and animal nutrition but its gelling agent containing seeds (guar gum) are today the most important use.

Scientific / Binomial name : Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

Popularly Known as :Cluster beans, Cholakaya, Gavar, Guar, Guwar

Usage :

• Its beans are very nutritious and available in varieties in the market.Show varieties.The guar protein is not usable by humans unless toasted to destroy the trypsin inhibitor.
• Guar leaves can be used like spinach and the pods are prepared like salad or vegetables.
• Guar gum:In several food and beverages guar gum is used as additive in order to change its viscosity or as fiber source.

  Food	Function
  Baked goods	Dough improver
  Cheese	Texture improver
  Ice Cream	Smaller ice crystals
  Fried Products	Oil uptake reduction

Vegetable - Capsicum

Capsicum

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About the Vegetable :Capsicum or Bell pepper,is the most popular of the chilli peppers in the Capsicum annum family. It is a fruit pod of small perennial shrub in the nightshade or Solanaceae family, in the genus, capsicum. Unlike their fellow capsicum members, sweet peppers have characteristic bell shape with crunchy, thick fleshy texture. Additionally, on comparison with other members, bell peppers feature characteristically less pungency that ranges from zero to very minimal hotness. For the same reasons, they generally treated like any other common vegetables instead of spice.In structure, sweet pepper features blocky, cube like outer flesh enclosing numerous tiny, white, or cream colored, circular and flat seeds. The seeds are actually clinging on to the central core (placenta). The fruit of Capsicum plants have a variety of names depending on place and type. The piquant (spicy) varieties are commonly called chili peppers, or simply "chilies". The large, mild form is called red pepper, green pepper, or bell pepper in North America and typically just "capsicum" in New Zealand,Australia, and India. The fruit is called paprika in some other countries

Scientific / Binomial name : Capsicum annum

Popularly Known as :Bell Pepper, Bengaluru Mirchi, Banglore Mirapakaya, Shimla Mirchi

Usage :

• Fresh raw bell peppers are being used as vegetables in cuisines. They can be eaten raw as in salads or cooked in stir-fries.
• In many parts of South Asia, they are mixed with other vegetables like potato, carrots, aubergine, green beans etc., along with tomato, garlic, onion, mustard seeds, cumin, and other spices in various mouth-watering stir-fries (sabzi).
• They can also be stuffed with rice, meat, cheddar cheese, dried fruits, nuts, etc., and, then cooked/roasted.
• They can also be grilled and served with sauce, cheese, and olive oil or with dips.
• Finely chopped sweet peppers can be used in Chinese-style vegetable stir-fries, and noodles.
• Sweet peppers are one of the popular ingredients in Italian pizza and pasta.
• Capsicum species have also found use in medicines.
• This Vegetable is also available in many colours and varieties in the market..Hence the combination of this vegetable with different colours makes the recipe more colourful and tasty too.

Culinary Used Areas :Capsicum is native to Americas, where they have been cultivated for thousands of years. In modern times, it is cultivated worldwide, and has become a key element in many regional cuisines.

Vegetable - Broccoli

Broccoli

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About the Vegetable :Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family, whose large flowering head is used as a vegetable. The word broccoli comes from the Italian plural of broccolo, which means "the flowering crest of a cabbage".Broccoli is a cabbage family vegetable grown for its nutritious flower heads. Its green or purple florets have been known for several noteworthy, unique phyto-nutrients that are found to have disease prevention and health promoting properties.Broccoli is a result of careful breeding of cultivated leafy cole crops in the Northern Mediterranean.Many Varieties are available.Broccoli is a cool-season crop and demands fertile rich and well-drained soil to flourish. Technically, broccoli is categorized into two main types according to their appearance; heading and sprouting. Heading variety forms a large, solid head, whereas sprouting types forms many smaller heads or florets.Several different hybrid-mix of broccoli have developed with other cruciferous family members such as broccoflower (hybrid of broccoli and cauliflower), broccolini (broccoli and chinese-kale), etc.

Scientific / Binomial name : Brassica oleracea var. italica.

Usage :

• Young, tender, broccoli heads may be eaten raw or as salad.
• Its flower heads are much sought-after in stir-fries; either alone or with other vegetables, beans and poultry, in mouth-watering recipes mixed with sauce, oil,onions, pepper, and garlic.

Vegetable - Onions

Onions

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About the Vegetable :Onion also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is used as a vegetable and is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium. This genus also contains several other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food.The onion plant has a fan of hollow, bluish-green leaves and the bulb at the base of the plant begins to swell when a certain day-length is reached. In the autumn the foliage dies down and the outer layers of the bulb become dry and brittle. The crop is harvested and dried and the onions are ready for use or storage. The crop is prone to attack by a number of pests and diseases, particularly the onion fly, the onion eelworm and various fungi that cause rotting. Some Show varieties of A. cepa such as shallots and potato onions produce multiple bulbs.The onion plant grows about 2 feet tall and bears an underground globular stem, which consists of modified leaves arranged in whorls. There are many cultivar onions grown around the world. The average crop takes about three to four months time. Top greens or scallions and flower heads are also eaten all around the world.

Scientific / Binomial name :Allium cepa

Popularly Known as :Bulb onion ,Common onion, Kaanda, Pyaaz , Pyaaj, Eerulli, Vengayam, Vullipaya, Yerra Gadda, Vulligadda

Usage :

• They are used either chopped or sliced, in almost every type of food, including fresh salads, or as a spicy garnish.
• In India and Pakistan, onions are one of the most sought-after ingredients in cooking where they used in curries, stir-fries, soups, stuffing, pastes, sauces, etc., everyday.
• They are one of the common ingredients in the Chinese "chowmein" (a kind of recipe with chopped onions, scallions, cabbage, sweet bell peppers, chili and tomato sauce mixture.
• They are used extensively in Mediterranean and continental cooking in salads, cheese pizza, burger, soup, tart, rolls, stuffing...etc.

Vegetable - Cucumber

Cucumber

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About the Vegetable :Cucumber is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family Cucurbitaceae. As in other squash members, cucumbers too are best-harvested young, tender and just short of reaching maturity; at the stage when they taste sweet, have crunchy texture, and unique flavor. If left uninterrupted, the fruit continues to grow in size, its skin becomes tougher and turns yellow, and seeds become hard and inedible. Fresh cucumbers are available throughout the season and can be eaten raw, in vegetable salads or juicing.It is a creeping vine that bears cylindrical fruits that are used as culinary vegetables. There are three main varieties of cucumber: slicing, pickling, and burpless. The cucumber is a creeping vine that roots in the ground and grows up trellises or other supporting frames, wrapping around supports with thin, spiraling tendrils. The plant has large leaves that form a canopy over the fruit. The fruit of the cucumber is roughly cylindrical. Cucumbers are usually more than 90% water.

Scientific / Binomial name : Cucumis sativus

Popularly Known as :Keera, Dosakaya, Chothekayi.

Usage :

• Mostly used in Salads. In India,it is used for even for making pickles.
• Every where it is used as a Salad Vegetable.

Vegetable - Cauliflower

Cauliflower

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About the Vegetable :Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. It is an annual plant that reproduces by seed. The cauliflower head is composed of a white inflorescence meristem. Cauliflower heads resemble those in broccoli, which differs in having flower buds.Coming to the varieties, there are hundreds of historic and current commercial varieties used around the world.White cauliflower is the most common color of cauliflower.

Scientific / Binomial name : Brassica oleracea botrytus (group)

Popularly Known as :Cauliflower,Gobi, Gobi Puvvu,Phool Gobi.

Usage :

• Cauliflower can be roasted, boiled, fried, steamed, or eaten raw. When cooking, the outer leaves and thick stalks are removed, leaving only the florets. The leaves are also edible, but are most often discarded.[14] The florets should be broken into similar-sized pieces so they are cooked evenly. After eight minutes of steaming, or five minutes of boiling, the florets should be soft, but not mushy (depending on size). Stirring while cooking can break the florets into smaller, uneven pieces.

Culinary Used Areas :Almost Every where.